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Emrana Perveen
Methi leave |
A natural Important Crops Which You Don’t Know
Fenugreek (Methi)
Fenugreek is an annual plant in the
family Fabaceae, with leaves consisting of three small scientific classification
The English name derives via Middle French Fenugrec from Latin faenugraec. The
plant has small round leaves, is cultivated worldwide as a semi-arid crop, and
is a common ingredient in dishes from the Indian Subcontinent. It is known as
methi.
Description:
A member of the bean family, fenugreek grows
as an upright annual with long, slender stems reaching 30 to 60 cm tall. The
plant bears grey-green, 3-toothed leaves, and white or pale yellow flowers
appear in summer and develop into long, slender, sword-shaped seed pods with a
curved, beaklike tip. Each pod contains about 10 to 20 small, yellowish-brown,
angular seeds, which are dried to form the commercial spice. The plant thrives
in full sun and in rich, well-drained soils, and has a spicy odor that remains
on the hands after contact.
Forage
management:
Fenugreek is
naturally found in field verges, uncultivated ground, dry grasslands and
hillsides in semi-highland and regions. Fenugreek is grown as a cool season
crop in India and the Mediterranean region, both irrigated and as a rained
crop. It grows on a wide range of preferably well drained soils with a pH
ranging from 5.3 to 8.2. Wet soils are not suitable. In cooler areas, growth is
slow and weak during cold periods and it is better grown as a summer crop. The
seeds require warm dry weather for ripening and harvest. Fenugreek optimally
grows in places where annual temperatures are in the range of 8-27°C and where
annual rainfall is between 400-1500 mm. It is a full-sunlight species
How sowing:
Fenugreek intended for forage can be either sown in spring or autumn,
according to climate. As a forage it should be broadcast or drilled at 20-30
kg/ha in pure stands or often mixed with oats. Mixtures with small cereals are
best for haymaking.
When its time of harvest:
Time of harvest should be a trade-off between forage quality and forage
yield. If harvested too late, fenugreek sheds its leaves and forage
palatability is reduced, while if harvested too early, dry matter content is
low and the plant is difficult to cure. The best period of harvest for green
fodder is thus when the plant is still tender with only basal pods at the first
stage of their development. For hay, the most important goal is to save the
most leaves on the stems. This corresponds to pods being in the second stage of
their development and containing well-formed seeds, which increase the crude protein.
How methods of harvest:
Fenugreek can be hand-cut or mechanically harvested by farm cutting
equipment or by conventional mowers, conditioners and rakes. The use of
rectangular balers and forage harvesters have also been recommended. If
fenugreek is cut under dry conditions, the plant can be left in thin layers to
cure on the soil. If harvesting conditions are wet, it is recommended to
oven-dry the plant or to make it into silage. Another way to use fenugreek
forage is to cut it after seed harvest, forage being thus similar to straw,
with a relatively low palatability.
Why
people uses Methi:
In ancient time fenugreek was mainly
used as fodder in the Mediterranean Basin. Its Latin name "foenum-graecum"
means geek hay. In India, this plant is still grown for fodder. Green parts
are highly aromatic and are used as a pot herb and spice. Fenugreek seeds
are edible and used as condiments. They yield an oil that is used to flavour
butterscotch, cheese, liquorice, pickles, rum, syrup and vanilla.
The oil is used in perfume and
cosmetic industries. The seeds are used as flavouring agents for maple
syrup, cheese and curries. They contain diospenin, a drug used in the synthesis
of hormones. Seed husks are a source of mucilage, oil, sapogenin and protein.
Plant residues or whole plants may be used as green manure and fuel.
Nutritive value of Methi:
Fenugreek seeds are particularly rich in protein (about 26-27% DM) with
limited amounts of fibre and fat. One notable characteristic of fenugreek seeds
is that the endosperm tissue is composed almost entirely of galactomannan and
accounts for about 30% DM of the seed weight. After full hydration of the seed,
the endosperm contains about 70% of the imbibed water.
Fenugreek can provide high quality forage, comparable to alfalfa forage,
at almost all stages of growth. Fenugreek forage grown in greenhouses and cut
at 15 and 19 week-old was reported to have higher in vitro DM
digestibility than alfalfa at early bloom stage, and similar gas production.
Protein content was higher in the early stages of growth (9 week-old) of
fenugreek. Total gas production of mature fenugreek (19 week-old) was similar
to that of alfalfa at early-bloom stage, and volatile fatty acids were similar
as
Collected for use |
Scientific name: Trigon Ella
foenum-graecum
Did you know: Fenugreek is one of the few plants
that's used as a seasoning both in seed form and leaf form another organ.
Contraindications:
Contraindications have not yet been
identified. Avoid if an allergy to any member of the Fabaceae family exists. Cross-reactivity
to chickpea, peanut, or coriander allergy is possible.
Pregnancy/Lactation:
Avoid use in pregnancy. Fenugreek has
documented uterine stimulant effects and has been used in traditional medicine
to induce childbirth. Studies in pregnant mice have shown intrauterine growth
retardation and fatal malformations related to fenugreek seed consumption.
Fenugreek has been used to stimulate milk production in breast-feeding women;
however, the extent of transmission of fenugreek-derived constituents into
breast milk is unknown.
Interactions:
Interactions with blood-thinning and
low blood sugar agents are possible; monitor therapy.
Side Effects:
Stomach problems and mild abdominal
distention have been reported in studies using large doses of the seeds. When
ingested in culinary quantities, there are usually no side effects. Allergy to
fenugreek is recognized.
Toxicology:
Acute toxicity from large doses of
fenugreek has not been described, although low blood sugar is possible.
(All information is collected
different source)
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